Paints are liquid or semi-liquid substances applied to surfaces for protection, decoration, or preservation. They consist of pigments for color, binders to hold pigments together, solvents to control consistency, and additives to enhance performance. When applied, the solvent evaporates, leaving a solid film. Paints are commonly used on walls, metal, wood, and other materials, available in various finishes like matte, gloss, and satin. Popular types include water-based (latex) and oil-based paints.